Super Intelligence
Machines that learn, assist, and reason
Realm · Open
Super Intelligence
Machines that learn, assist, and reason
The Super Intelligence realm covers artificial intelligence as it exists now — the companies that build it, the models and assistants people use, the agents that act, the hardware underneath, the people behind it, and the safety and policy questions that come with it.
The third realm is about systems rather than organisms. It starts with the ideas — machine learning, neural networks, language models — then follows the companies that build them, the assistants people actually use, the agents that act on their behalf, the chips and data centres underneath, and the unresolved question of what happens when systems become more capable than the people supervising them. Claims made by vendors are labelled as claims; regional accounts are preferred over outside ones.
- Entries
- 40
- Categories
- 7
- Status
- Open
In this realm
The shape of the subject
Browse by category
Category
Foundations
Learning, networks, and the ideas underneath modern AI.
Category
Models
Language models, open weights, and the systems built from them.
Category
Assistants
Chatbots and assistants: what they do, and what they cannot.
Category
Agents and robotics
Systems that act in the world, from software agents to machines.
Category
Companies
The labs, chipmakers, and platforms building AI.
Category
Policy
Laws, standards, courts, and the politics of AI.
Category
Safety
Alignment, evaluation, governance, and the superintelligence debate.
Listed here, filed elsewhere
People behind the systems
These biographies belong to the Human realm. They are listed here as a reading path; the links open the entries where they are filed.
Lives
Sam Altman
Sam Altman is an American entrepreneur who leads OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT. He previously ran Y Combinator and has become one of the most prominent public voices on artificial intelligence.
Lives
Dario Amodei
Dario Amodei is an American physicist and AI researcher who co-founded Anthropic and leads its work on Claude. He is known for early scaling-law research and for arguments that safety must shape how models are built.
Lives
Demis Hassabis
Demis Hassabis is a British AI researcher and entrepreneur who co-founded DeepMind and leads Google DeepMind. He shared the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for protein structure prediction.
Lives
Geoffrey Hinton
Geoffrey Hinton is a British-Canadian cognitive psychologist and computer scientist whose work on backpropagation helped establish deep learning. He shared the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics and now warns about AI risk.
Lives
Fei-Fei Li
Fei-Fei Li is a Chinese-American computer scientist who created ImageNet, the dataset that helped trigger the deep-learning revolution, and now leads Stanford's Institute for Human-Centered AI.
Selected entries
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Foundations
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence is the research field, and the set of technologies, that builds machines to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, from pattern recognition and prediction to language use and generation.
Models
GPT-5
GPT-5 is OpenAI's unified model family, released in August 2025, which routes requests between a fast general model and a slower reasoning model. It covers the system's design, versions, benchmarks, pricing, and disputes.
Companies
OpenAI
OpenAI is the San Francisco laboratory behind ChatGPT and the GPT models. Founded as a non-profit in 2015, it became a capped-profit company and then a public benefit corporation controlled by a foundation.
Foundations
Transformer
The transformer is a neural network architecture built on self-attention, introduced in 2017, whose parallel structure and scaling behaviour made modern language models possible.
Foundations
Machine learning
Machine learning is the branch of artificial intelligence that fits models to data, allowing computers to classify, predict, and generate without being programmed with explicit rules for each case.
Companies
Anthropic
Anthropic is an American AI company founded in 2021 by former OpenAI researchers. It builds the Claude models and argues that safety research and commercial success can be pursued together.
Models
Claude
Claude is Anthropic's family of large language models, released from March 2023 and sold in Haiku, Sonnet and Opus tiers. It is trained with constitutional AI and promoted as a safety-focused alternative to rival chatbots.
Foundations
RLHF
RLHF trains a model against a learned model of human preference, using pairwise comparisons, a reward model, and reinforcement learning with a penalty that keeps it close to its starting point.
Foundations
Neural network
A neural network is a machine-learning model of layered units that learn weighted connections from data, the basis of modern computer vision, speech recognition, and large language models.
Companies
Google DeepMind
Google DeepMind is Alphabet's AI research organisation, formed in 2023 by merging DeepMind with Google Brain. It builds the Gemini models and produced AlphaGo and AlphaFold.
Foundations
Retrieval-augmented generation
Retrieval-augmented generation pairs a language model with a document index, retrieving passages at query time so that answers can draw on sources the model was never trained on.
Models
Large language model
A large language model is a neural network trained on vast text corpora to predict the next token, giving it broad but unreliable competence in language, code, and reasoning tasks.
A note on the set
This realm opens with the animals closest to us, but it is a living realm: entries are added, corrected, and re-cited. New realms are announced only when they are ready to read.